Minggu, 29 April 2012

[A260.Ebook] Download PDF The Drama of Christianity, by Samuel L Morris

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The Drama of Christianity, by Samuel L Morris

The Drama of Christianity, by Samuel L Morris



The Drama of Christianity, by Samuel L Morris

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The Drama of Christianity, by Samuel L Morris

First published in 1928, this little book provides an exceptional overview of the book of Revelation, suitable for devotional reading or as an aid to message preparation.

Samuel Morris (1854–1937) treats the visions as a series of concurrent panoramas of the church age, each with a specific focus, calculated to bring consolation to believers. Being Christ's final message to the world the book has a distinctive evangelistic message too.

This edition has been completely re-typeset.

  • Sales Rank: #1373645 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2011-12-30
  • Released on: 2011-12-30
  • Format: Kindle eBook

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Good overview of Revelations
By Roger Marks
The premise of the book is found in a quote from Professor William Milligan of Scotland, who suggested, "The Revelation of St. John consisted of a series of visions, each in the form of a panorama, not occurring in historic succession, but as repetitions of the same events in entirely new settings from different angles, each having a a distinctive object in the various presentations." Morris does a good job of explaining this method of interpreting the Book of Revelation. Another good book that explains this view is More than Conquerors by William Hendricksen.

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Jumat, 20 April 2012

[N111.Ebook] PDF Ebook International Political Economy in the 21st Century: Contemporary Issues and Analyses, by Roy Smith, Imad El-Anis, Christopher Farrands

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International Political Economy in the 21st Century: Contemporary Issues and Analyses, by Roy Smith, Imad El-Anis, Christopher Farrands

Understanding of the theories that underpin International Political Economy (IPE), and their practical applications, is crucial to the study of international relations, politics, development and economics.

This comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field, with an engaging and coherent foundation to the subject. It considers traditional and alternative approaches to IPE, and in doing so elucidates key concepts, assumptions and the intellectual and historical context in which they arose and developed. At all times, it makes clear their relevance to issues from trade finance and government, to environment, technology, health, labour, security, migration, development and culture. The book encourages independent reflection and critical thinking through a range of in-text guiding features. In addition, each chapter presents theoretical analysis alongside contemporary issues, helping the reader to relate to the real world of IPE, and to better understand how theory helps inform interpretation of it.

New to this edition:

  • Comprehensively updated to include key coverage of the post-2015 framework of the Sustainable Development Goals, the financial crisis and international government responses - successful or otherwise - to recent challenges;
  • Fully updated data, reflective questions, recommended readings, concept and example boxes and illustrations;
  • New chapters - Health, Migration and Labour;
  • Additional coverage of trade theories, and key contemporary issues, such as national versus human security, economic versus human development, illegal networks in global trade.

  • Published on: 2017-03-05
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: .0" h x .0" w x .0" l, .0 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 336 pages

About the Author

Roy Smith is Principal Lecturer and Programme Leader for the MA in International Development at Nottingham Trent University, UK.

Imad El-Anis is Senior Lecturer and Programme Leader for the MA International Relations at Nottingham Trent University, UK.

Christopher Farrands is Principal Lecturer in Global Studies at Nottingham Trent University, UK.

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Kamis, 12 April 2012

[N800.Ebook] Ebook Free The Impartial Spectator: Adam Smith's Moral Philosophy, by D. D. Raphael

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The Impartial Spectator: Adam Smith's Moral Philosophy, by D. D. Raphael

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The Impartial Spectator: Adam Smith's Moral Philosophy, by D. D. Raphael

D. D. Raphael provides a critical account of the moral philosophy of Adam Smith, presented in his first book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Whilst it does not have the same prominence in its field as his work on economics, The Wealth of Nations, Smith's writing on ethics is of continuing importance and interest today, especially for its theory of conscience. Smith sees the origin of conscience in the sympathetic and antipathetic feelings of spectators. As spectators of the actions of other people, we can imagine how we would feel in their situation. If we would share their motives, we approve of their action. If not, we disapprove. When we ourselves take an action, we know from experience what spectators would feel, approval or disapproval. That knowledge forms conscience, an imagined impartial spectator who tells us whether an action is right or wrong. In describing the content of moral judgment, Smith is much influenced by Stoic ethics, with an emphasis on self-command, but he voices criticism as well as praise. His own position is a combination of Stoic and Christian values.

There is a substantial difference between the first five editions of the Moral Sentiments and the sixth. Failure to take account of this has led some commentators to mistaken views about the supposed youthful idealism of the Moral Sentiments as contrasted with the mature realism of The Wealth of Nations. A further source of error has been the supposition that Smith treats sympathy as the motive of moral action, as contrasted with the supposedly universal motive of self-interest in The Wealth of Nations.

  • Sales Rank: #2599417 in Books
  • Published on: 2007-03-29
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 5.70" h x .60" w x 8.60" l, .69 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 150 pages

Review

"Remarkably comprehensive, without sacrificing the subtlety of its critical exegesis.... The Impartial Spectator offers revealing treatment of Smith's work on a variety of key topics.... This readable book is a welcome study of a fascinating and illuminating body of work."--Brian Feltham, Times Literary Supplement


"Engaging...a gift to anyone interested in Adam Smith and the history of British moral philosophy."--Sylvana Tomaselli, British Journal for the History of Philosophy


About the Author

D.D. Raphael is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at Imperial College, University of London.

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20 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
4.5 Stars-Excellent but overlooks Smith's major reason for coming out with the 6th edition of TMS
By Michael Emmett Brady
Raphael(R) has done a masterful job in presenting an exposition of Smith's moral philosophy.Smith conceives that all individuals activate their conscience by postulating the existence in each human being of an impartial mental spectator who is able to discern ,independently from the subjective biases of the individual human observor,what is objectively happening in any particular decision context.The emotion of sympathy is triggered.Sympathy is the key emotion that needs to be understood if one truly wishes to understand moral judgement.Sympathy is not a synonym for pity ,compassion,or expressing feelings of sorrow or regret.The proper role for evaluating the role of sympathy occurs in judgement and not motivation.Essentially,we are all able to put ourselves in the shoes of the human decision maker and walk a couple of miles along the particular path of life that he is taking.Our judgement of rightness or wrongness is based on this mental reconstruction of this path and our own assessment about how WE would behave if stuck in his shoes.

R correctly concludes that Smith has integrated many major aspects and concerns of the Stoic philosophers and early Christian fathers concerning the importance of justice as it relates to all aspects of a human beings life.

The only criticism I have of R's treatment is ubiquitous to all extant writings on Smith's moral and economic theories for the last 248 years.There really is no mystery as to why Smith was compelled to put out a 6th edition of TMS in 1790,some 15 years after the last revision in 1775.Smith's entirely new part VI on the character of virtue and the essential neccessity of promoting morality as a necessary social good follows directly from his discussions in the Wealth of Nations(1776;Modern Library[Cannan] edition)concerning major undepletable,negative externalities,and spillover effects which impact the moral,social,political,martial,and intellectual well being and development of practically the entire workforce,that are a direct byproduct of the workings of the powerful wealth creating process of individual self interest,comparative advantage, and the division of labor that Smith characterized as an Invisible Hand(of the market mechanism)on p.423.Smith discusses these negative spillover effects in great detail on pp.734-741 of the WN.Smith's solution is that government is the ONLY institution that can deal with this immense and massive problem.How will this severe externality ,created by the workings of the Invisible Hand, be dealt with ? Smith states that the entire work force MUST be provided with education and religious instruction,which will be provided free of charge ,if necessary ,to all those who can't afford to pay.Smith's entire discussion on pp.716-768 should be carefully read by all modern day economists since there is not a better discussion of market failure,public goods,and externalities-spillover effects in the current literature.Smith is not merely arguing for public schools.

WE can now see more clearly the connections between the new part VI of the 1790 edition of TMS and the WN.This new part of TMS is the new theoretical construct and foundation that provides the theoretical support for the applied policy analysis advocated by Smith in the WN, in Part V,pp.716-768, that is needed to deal with the dark side of the Invisible Hand Process.What happens if it is NOT dealt with by government action ? What will occur is the "...almost entire corruption and degeneracy of the great body of people "(Smith,p.734;Smith repeats this conclusion 5 times over the next 7 pages).It is now obvious that a major tenet of Marxist analysis is that this severe undepletable externality,first identified by Adam Smith in 1776 and regularly deemphasized by the economics profession for nearly 250 years,will NOT BE DEALT WITH BY GOVERNMENT.This is one of Marx's major premises.This,of course,will result in a very depressing future for the entire working class.Marx's prediction was that, eventually,the working class would rise up to deal with this problem themselves in a revolutionary way.On the other hand,Government actions to reduce or eliminate the negative impacts created by the Invisible Hand process ,leads to a very different outcome-an increased economic well being that is combined with a completely educated and intellectually developed working class applying the principles of Smith's final edition of the TMS,which were virtue and morality.This is ,of course,a 180 degree turn from the wide claims made by economists that Smith was an advocate of free market,laissez faire capitalism that concluded that private greed and avarice would lead to a social optimum if only government would get out of the way.This latter characterization of Smith is simply a bad joke .

An interesting topic for development is WHY no economist,philosopher or political theorist had dealt with this issue since 1759.Perhaps Raphael will write a future book correcting this lacuna.

7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
The Pragmatic Conscience
By Charles Davis
Smith's foundational theory of Moral Sentiment is usually misunderstood--turning the innate human power of sympathy (an imaginative power into what other people are doing, and why) into merely feeling nice about other people's action, when instead it activates our conscience, where we exercise the power of judgment between sympathy and antipathy (for the actions of others). Conscience thus for us is an intuited Impartial Spectator, impartial because not partisan even toward our own actions (since we can imagine how others see how we act and why, and how they'd judge us.)

Conscience is not w/o practical effect, however, we need to realize, even though it has an impartial touchstone; nor is conscience merely a matter of private morality: indeed, it is directly connected to the role of self-interest and comparative advantage in generating the perhaps positive outcome of the market which he calls the Wealth of Nations. We misunderstand Smith's economic analysis, furthermore, if we think that he sees only positive effects of the Invisible Hand of these market forces; the problem he identifies in the latter book is the likely negative outcomes of that private motive and this public market process; so he adds a whole new section to the sixth ed. of the earlier book, detailing the solution in a just political oeconomy, of univerally provided education in virtues (Stoic and Christian) and religious training.

Conscience is a moral factor and therefore a political factor as well: Smith's philosophy of political economy includes more than just capitalism. Smith anticipates Marx's critique of capitalism, and Smith is not to be confused with the purely libertarian or Utilitarian laissez-faire politics. When he authorizes government to provide for moral and religious education 'free if necessary,' he probably doesn't mean just a welfare or educational bureaucracy; it's a matter of political constitution first, and private charity second, the capitalist provision of public needs via the market's Invisible Hand moreover, third, and only a gov't safety net as a last resort (since official charities are relatively ineffective at doing what they are supposed to do, as Smith and our own experience testify.)

So conscience is the key to pragmatic philosophy, and Socrates would agree; too often people leave the conscience out of the ethical equation, when they endorse what they call 'practical' or 'pragmatic' actions, which turn out to be motivated by an uncritical self-interest or ideology, and which specifically lack the imaginative power of sympathy that must inform judgment. William James, Dewey, and more recent, Sophistical neo-pragmatists should take note of this psychological underpinning that must serve to correct our self-interested, self-serving decisions.

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[H878.Ebook] Ebook Kalasha Language Texts and Translations Vocabulary and Grammar, by Georg Morgenstierne

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Kalasha Language Texts and Translations Vocabulary and Grammar, by Georg Morgenstierne

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Kalasha Language Texts and Translations Vocabulary and Grammar, by Georg Morgenstierne

Kalasha is a language spoken by three thousand speakers in the three Kalash Valleys of Bumboret, Birir and Rumbur in Chitral, Pakistan. Kalasha is also spoken by an estimated eight hundred people in the nearby former Kalash Valleys of Urtsun and Jinjoret. Those people have been reported to all be converted to Islam, but they still speak Kalasha in their homes. Gul Sharakat who has been conducting her own research by interviewing Kalasha speakers throughout Pakistan estimates there are fifteen thousand Kalasha speakers altogether. It is known that Kalasha is an old language, definitely two thousand years old and probably four thousand years old. Georg Morgenstierne says in his books that Kalasha has been spoken “for thousands of years.” Morgenstierne describes them as “among the first wave of Indo-Aryan Immigrants”. Rudyard Kipling wrote in “The Man Who Would Be King” “These women are whiter than you or me. . . . It's a mountainous country, and the women of those parts are very beautiful." These people are said to be descendants of the soldiers of Alexander the Great.

  • Sales Rank: #5665276 in Books
  • Published on: 2016-02-22
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x .64" w x 6.00" l, .84 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 280 pages

About the Author
Georg Morgenstierne was a Norwegian Linguist, one of the last of the old school of Linguists. He was associated with the University of Oslo in Norway and today there is Georg Morgenstierne's house in his honor located at Blindernveien 31, entr. From Moltke Moes vei. Morgenstierne was born in 2 January 1892 in Oslo, Norway. In 1924, he undertook the first of his two major linguistic expeditions. He arrived in Kabul with a personal letter of introduction to King Amanullah of Afghanistan from the King of Norway for permission to conduct his linguistic researches. The importance of this letter cannot be underestimated. Afghans have long been paranoid, xenophobic and suspicious of outsiders. An adventurer who undertakes to travel into the remote tribal areas of Afghanistan has virtually guaranteed himself a short life. King Amanullah had prisoners brought from the jails of Kabul to Morgenstierne so that he could interview them and learn about their languages. In this way he was able to learn about many languages spoken in Afghanistan plus he was able to learn about the Khowar Language which was spoken in Chitral on what is now the Pakistan side of the border. In 1929, Morgenstierne wished to return to Kabul to continue his research but he could not do so because by then King Amanullah had been overthrown. Therefore, Morgenstierne went to what is now the Pakistan side of the border after which he wrote another book, Report on a Linguistic Mission to North-Western India ISBN 0923891145. Morgenstierne took extensive notes and after these two visits he spent the next nearly 50 years of his life studying his notes and researching the languages he had studied there. Morgenstierne died in Oslo on 3 March 1978 with a manuscript in Khowar on his desk that he had been researching at the time of his death.

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Selasa, 10 April 2012

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Mississippi Criminal and Traffic Law Manual, 2014 Edition, by LexisNexis

  • Sales Rank: #8106247 in Books
  • Published on: 2014
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Sabtu, 07 April 2012

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What role does playful behaviour and playful thought take in animal and human development? How does play relate to creativity and, in turn, to innovation? Unravelling the different meanings of 'play', this book focuses on non-aggressive playful play. The authors emphasise its significance for development and evolution, before examining the importance of playfulness in creativity. This discussion sheds new light on the links between creativity and innovation, distinguishing between the generation of novel behaviour and ideas on the one hand, and the implementation of these novelties on the other. The authors then turn to the role of play in the development of the child and to parallels between play, humour and dreaming, along with the altered states of consciousness generated by some psychoactive drugs. A final chapter looks forward to future research and to what remains to be discovered in this fascinating and important field.

  • Sales Rank: #423248 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2013-07-31
  • Released on: 2013-07-04
  • Format: Kindle eBook

Review
"In this highly readable and thought-provoking book, Patrick Bateson and Paul Martin show how play helps animals to find novel solutions and sows the evolutionary seeds for human creativity. They argue that being able to 'break the rules' in a protected environment, which is what play does, generates new ideas (creativity) and new ways of doing things (innovation). By looking at the conditions in which humans are at their most creative, they make a major contribution to what we might do to be even more creative than we are."
Marian Stamp Dawkins, University of Oxford, and co-author of An Introduction to Animal Behaviour (2012)

"This groundbreaking work will inform, engage and please an extensive audience, from play scholars and naturalists to those seeking an improved basis for practical approaches to social questions. The book's originality, common-sense foundation, clear and readable language, and pragmatism are all commendable. The authors, whose landmark studies of behavioral development now span more than a quarter century, take pains to present a readable and direct exposition of their ideas. At the same time, they succeed in drawing bold distinctions when necessary and in forthrightly addressing concerns that span a broad range of social issues. The authors informatively fine-tune previous concepts of play in their successful efforts to link play with the origins of the creative process across a broad biological spectrum. The book's main themes are woven together to produce a work of great general interest."
Robert M. Fagen, author of Animal Play Behavior

"Kittens toy with half-dead prey, dogs chase sticks, kids pretend to be teachers or airline pilots, and their parents revel in painting, gardening and sport. All are examples of play behavior. But whilst it is immediately apparent that play is gratifying a compelling scientific explanation for why it evolved in the first place has remained elusive. Now Bateson and Martin, leading experts on animal behavior, provide an answer - play functions to generate creativity and stimulate innovation. It is an adaptation to get out of the rut and discover better solutions to life's challenges. With beautifully clear writing and covering diverse literatures, from animal cognition, to child development, to dreaming and psychedelic drugs, Bateson and Martin's text provides a wonderfully readable and much-needed summary of scientific knowledge of play."
Kevin N. Laland, University of St Andrews

"An important book at an important time. Again we are arguing over how best to fit our children to become useful productive citizens. Yes, we want them to be happy too, but the framework must somehow be put in. Play may be seen as a nice extra. Bateson and Martin argue it is much, much more. Reviewing a wide range of studies, beginning with play in some of our animal relatives then to ourselves from infancy to adult life they show how playfulness may be at the very core of creative thinking and action. During play we experiment, thinking outside the box, as we say. What can be established is a flexible framework much more adaptable to changing circumstances. In effect, this book celebrates the human free spirit and is full of encouraging examples of what can be achieved. I hope it is widely studied in educational circles."
Aubrey Manning, University of Edinburgh, and co-author of An Introduction to Animal Behaviour (2012)

"Play will be to the twenty-first century what work was to the industrial age - our dominant way of knowing, doing and creating value. Therefore we need play theory and research, of a multidisciplinary nature, that can deepen and widen our understanding of this most dynamic of human evolved capacities - so we can design the best games, technologies, communities and organisations that will constitute this new era. Bateson and Martin have provided a wonderful resource for play/game advocates in all fields of life. Rooted in extremely solid biological and ethological research, they make subtle and powerful linkages between the mammalian basis of play, and the necessary profusion of social and cultural forms it generates, in ways that will help shape reform in areas diverse as childcare, innovative enterprise and drugs policy. Play, Playfulness, Creativity and Innovation sets a new standard for studies of the power and potential of play."
Pat Kane, author of The Play Ethic

"This highly engaging book provides a novel perspective on the role of play activities that apparently lack seriousness. The clarity of prose and diversity of material covered in Play, Playfulness, Creativity and Innovation persuade the reader to reconsider the importance of play in childhood and beyond."
Gillian R. Brown, Science

About the Author
Patrick Bateson FRS is Emeritus Professor of Ethology at the University of Cambridge. He is President of the Zoological Society of London and former Vice-President of the Royal Society. Much of his scientific career has been concerned with the development of behaviour. He is also co-author of Plasticity, Robustness, Development and Evolution (Cambridge University Press, 2011).

Paul Martin studied behavioural biology at the University of Cambridge, before becoming a Harkness Fellow in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. He has lectured and researched in behavioural biology at the University of Cambridge and is a former Fellow of Wolfson College.

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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
A must read for student of play
By Tony Pellegrini
Bateson and Martin have made major contributions to the scientific literatures on human and nonhuman play so I was really anticipating a book-length discussion of the topic, and I was not disappointed. First, and as expected, they take a very balanced (and very readable) view of the research on play, unlike much of the recent popular and "scientific" treatments of play. Second, they take care to define play carefully, noting that it is a multidimensional construct; e.g., object play is different from social play, is different from fantasy play. Third, they expand on their earlier work on the ways in which play affects, and is affected by, development and evolution. In the last regard (the role of play in evolution), I found the book to be most provocative, and original. For example, they outline possible routes (and mechanisms) from play to creativity to innovation and how the latter may impact evolution. This, and other ideas put forth, provide scholars in the field with many testable hypotheses on the role of play in development and evolution. Additionally, their explicit policy-oriented discussions will make interesting reading for educators and others concerned with children.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Playful play plays pivotal part
By Bernard De Koven
Anyone who takes play seriously will want to take Patrick Bateson and Paul Martin's Play, Playfulness, Creativity and Innovation just as seriously, at least. Not too seriously, because it is about play. Most importantly about a specific kind of play the authors call “playful play.” Playful play.

It is written with reliably academic integrity, dense with carefully researched references and scholarly inferences, carefully worded and crafted, and yet for those of us who have had glimpses of the profound importance of fun and games, play and playfulness, creativity and innovation, reading this book is fun, deeply fun.

For me, probably because I’ve spent at least 45 years contemplating the vicissitudes of play, and especially because I’ve just recently published a book of my own in which the very idea of playful play plays a, dare I say, pivotal role. The book is full of conceptual gifts - too many to itemize in this brief review. Here is a sampling:

On page 5, the authors write: "Play appears to provide its own reward, at least in the short term, by being intrinsically enjoyable. The general presumption has been that the more tangible biological benefits of play usually come later in the individual’s lifetime…” With that simple statement they explain that, contrary to many play apologists, we don’t play because it’s good for us or because we’ll learn from it or change because of it. We play, at heart, because it’s fun. And yet, in retrospect, the authors tell us that those apologists are correct. Play is chock full of tangible benefits - biological, social, physical, intellectual.

Riffle on to page 57 where the authors share with us an almost surgically concise definition of play and playfulness: "Play involves breaking rules. Playful play involves having fun while doing so.”

There’s play, which has so many definitions as to be almost impossible to discuss, and playful play. Play breaks rules (think about it), and playful play is what makes it fun. So the idea of play includes things that may or may not be fun - rule-seeking, rule-breaking, rule-making, rule-changing acts that are core to learning new things, to research, to science, to exploring, risking, daring. But playful play makes it all fun.

"From play," they write, "may emerge a new perspective or cognitive tool that might be used at a later date, possibly in combination with other perspectives or tools, to solve a new challenge. In their different ways, both of these consequences of play are creative.”

The authors go on to give some heartening examples of creative players in the arts and sciences. Players, playful players, whose playfulness redefines art and revises our very way of seeing the universe.

And then there’s the connection between creativity and innovation: “In human behavior,” they write, "creativity refers broadly to generation new ideas, whereas innovation refers to changing the way in which things are done.” Simply by playing playfully.

Even in our dreams, they explain, we are playful. Even in our very dreams.

It’s not a big book or a heavy book or a long book; you can read it in less than a day. But it is so rich with implications, connections, explorations of the power and possibility of playful play that you will read it again and again, and it will be fun.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A Truly Amazing Volume
By John C. Fentress
Play as a Beautifully Written Serious Topic

Many of us think of play as fun. That is true. But Patrick Bateson and Paul Martin take us step by step to understand that underneath that truth of fun play is a serious business. Fortunately the authors write in beautifully simple prose. This is a book we all need.

The very first line in their introduction: “This book is about the role of play and playfulness in creativity and innovation”. Immediately they invite you to know play is essential to our lives and to the lives many other species. The authors are writing about survival itself. There is no jargon, just facts, brilliantly presented. Play is way more than fun.

In a review I cannot capture the beauty or importance of this book. I will try to offer just two of the main points the authors make.

First, play builds motor skills. Secondly, play generates creativity. Each of these two features offers survival. Survival and reproduction are the biological foundations of life. Play helps you and me find ourselves around the world.

I have long admired the work of these two authors, never more than now. I owe them thanks. You owe it to you to read this small volume.

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