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Epigenetics: How Environment Shapes Our Genes, by Richard C. Francis
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Goodbye, genetic blueprint. . . . The first book for general readers on the game-changing field of epigenetics.
The burgeoning new science of epigenetics offers a cornucopia of insights―some comforting, some frightening. For example, the male fetus may be especially vulnerable to certain common chemicals in our environment, in ways that damage not only his own sperm but also the sperm of his sons. And it’s epigenetics that causes identical twins to vary widely in their susceptibility to dementia and cancer. But here’s the good news: unlike mutations, epigenetic effects are reversible. Indeed, epigenetic engineering is the future of medicine. 18 illustrations- Sales Rank: #333447 in Books
- Published on: 2012-06-04
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.30" h x .70" w x 5.50" l, .44 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 256 pages
Review
“Epigenetics explains all this in clear, no-nonsense prose. . . . One particularly excellent chapter explains epigenetic change through the body of steroid-addled baseball player José Canseco, from his brain to his testicles.”
- Josh Rothman, Boston Globe
“Francis’s primer introduces a new field. It’s a thorough guide to the many ways in which personality and health can play out through our genes but not be coded for in DNA.”
- Christine Kenneally, Slate
About the Author
Richard C. Francis is a science journalist with a PhD in neurobiology from Stony Brook University. He is the author of the acclaimed books Domesticated, Epigenetics and Why Won’t Men Ask for Directions? He lives in northern California.
Most helpful customer reviews
7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
A Great Introduction to Epigenetics, but...
By Joseph Martin
Review
When I was but a young man, so many moons ago, I used to delight in annoying my oh-so enlightened scientistic brethren by doubting that the current Darwinist Settlement (Blessed be Its Name!) had given a final account of evolution. I leaned in the direction of some sort of Lamarckian materialism, of course never really settling on the physical mechanism of cultural-inheritance because there were no obvious contenders.
By 'cultural inheritance' I meant back then that behaviors and events in parents lives could somehow influence and even change the genes they passed on to their children and their childrens children. What made me think this likely was all the anomalies that Darwinism (as then understood) could not explain. (For those interested, Rupert Sheldrake has, in his many books, detailed them quite exhaustively.) I am now quite satisfied that Epigenetics, this latest addition to the Darwinist understanding, will eventually take that mountain of anomalies and turn it into a mound. God, how I hate toeing the party line! But even those who merely repeat received wisdom are not always wrong... Dammit.
So, what is epigenetics? Well, there are genes, and then there is the material that surrounds the genes. Epigenetics studies how this material influences (the correct term is 'expresses') the genes. The material "can alter the behavior of the genes to which they are attached; and they can cause genes to be more or less active." And this influence can even (in certain rare circumstances) be passed on for several generations. ("... epigenetic states, some environmentally induced, can be transmitted from grandparent to grandchild.") So you see, Lamarck was right; there is some sort of heritability of acquired characteristics. But the Darwinists were right too; these epigenetic changes do not effect the genome itself and eventually evaporate, like a surging river inevitably disappearing into some endless, feckless desert it had so blindly sought to cross.
So No. Epigenetics is not Lamarckian; but all intelligent Larmarkians (imho) will eventually accept epigenetics, - and therefore Darwinism!
This is a very good first book to read on the subject of epigenetics. But I agree with the reservations of earlier reviewers. It is very anecdotal and I am certain that anyone with a background in biology will find it rather thin. After reading this book I am not sure I understand the mechanisms of epigenetic change fully. But I am sure there will be more books to come. Four stars for an excellent introduction. But where does one go next?
Speculation
While reading this book I was struck by the notion (I should rather say 'the fear') that epigenetics will one day be used as a means of population control. I had always thought and hoped that no government would use genetic manipulation to control the behavior of people because of the risk involved. What risk? The world is no longer as safe as the scientific uniformitarianism and gradualism that was commonly taught when I was young assumed. The comet Schumacher-Levy 9 twenty years ago was probably the nail in the coffin. We are all, to varying degrees, neo-catastrophists now.
Why would any government monkey with the Human Genome? Well, any change through genetic manipulation would obviously be done to make the populace more obedient and useful to the powers that be. The only parameters to this manipulation would be that the people must be fit enough to reproduce themselves and continue to work in order to produce material civilization. So you see, not every genetic manipulation would be useful. People must have babies and go to work.
In my judgement it is a good thing that old myths that no longer serve any purpose die. Uniformitarianism and gradualism were but scientistic fairy tales. They assured us that we could both know everything (I mean by this a 'Theory of Everything') and that we would always have time to react to some unexpected change in the natural world. We now certainly have reason to doubt the latter... (I doubt the former too, but that is another review.) Besides the real danger of asteroids and comets, recent work in climate change throughout prehistory shows how terrifyingly fast climate change can happen.
For those of you who remain committed uniformitarians and gradualists I will point out that only a couple of weeks ago (3/26/2014) the discovery of a 'dwarf planet' (2012 VP113) in the Oort cloud was publicly announced with an orbit inexplicable by our current understanding of the greater solar system. When I was young the solar system was a simple thing: rocky inner and gaseous outer planets. (Pluto was something of an anomaly, later resolved.) Now, we have inner and outer planets, the Kuiper belt, and the Oort cloud. And of this last we know fleetingly little. One of the possible explanations for the orbit of 2012 VP 113 is there may be, somewhere in the Oort cloud, a planet (or planets!) to rival the size of earth! Of course, there are other explanations. As our technology improves, we are certainly likely to find other dwarf planets outside of the classical solar system with long period eccentric orbits. Any one of them could be a potential threat.
So you see, neo-catastrophism really does seem now to be our fate. And because of this I serenely thought that genetic manipulation was off the table as a means of controlling populations. Why? We know that the human species in pre-history survived catastrophic events. Change our genetics base, for whatever reason, and one could not be certain this would be true in a catastrophically altered future. Every change has unexpected and unwanted consequences. This would also be true of any and all supposedly 'useful' changes to our genome.
But I fear that epigenetics changes all that. In radically changed conditions, any previous epigenetic manipulation of humanity would disappear quite rapidly in those radically changed conditions. I fear that the elites who rule the world, and intend to continue to do so, have noticed this.
...And I fear for the future.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
SOME VERY GOOD AND SOME JUST OK
By Robert Steven Thomas
Time moves quickly and new ideas can become outdated very rapidly when you are on the cutting edge of new frontiers in science. Though it has only been four years since the research was completed for this book a lot has changed in epigenetics, even during this modest span of time. This is a short book, possibly better described as a "primer" for the layman on this important new field. To his credit the author has done a nice job of making a complex subject very understandable for the average reader. If the subject holds any interest for you, this book would be a good one to get started.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Epigenetics is a serious breakthrough in understanding how to cure serious disease
By Daniel N. Lionsden
I appreciated Francis’ treatment of the medical implications of epigenetics. Since reading it, I have looked at a few online medically-oriented articles on epigenetics to learn more about this exciting field.
I took many notes of this book because it revealed a great deal of information in this short book. Francis could have omitted the review of The Deer Hunter and added additional real-life details of epigenetic traits being passed on to subsequent generations. When I finish writing the review on this book for a newsletter, I’ll add it to the review here.
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